A typical conducted energy weapon delivers between 0.002 and 0.004 amperes.
Most electronic control devices deliver between 2 and 4 milliamperes (mA) of current. While the voltage is high, reaching up to 50,000 volts to penetrate clothing, the actual amperage is extremely low. This specific current level is designed to disrupt the sensory and motor nervous systems without causing permanent cardiac damage or lethal injury.
Understanding Volts versus Amps
The relationship between voltage and amperage is critical for safety in non-lethal devices. High voltage is necessary to overcome the resistance of air and thick clothing, allowing the electricity to reach the target. However, it is the amperage, or the volume of the flow, that determines the physiological danger to the human body.
- Voltage: Ranges from 20,000 to 50,000 volts to create the initial arc.
- Amperage: Limited to a few thousandths of an amp to maintain safety.
- Pulse Frequency: Delivered in short, rapid bursts rather than a continuous stream.
Safety and Physiological Impact
The goal of these devices is neuromuscular incapacitation. By mimicking the electrical signals used by the brain to communicate with muscles, the device causes involuntary contraction. Because the current is less than 0.005 amperes, the risk of inducing cardiac complications remains low in healthy individuals compared to standard household outlets.
Comparison of Electrical Output Levels
| Device Category | Typical Amperage | Primary Function |
|---|---|---|
| Conducted Energy Tool | 0.002 - 0.004 Amps | Neuromuscular disruption |
| Static Electricity Shock | Less than 0.001 Amps | Brief sensory irritation |
| Standard LED Indicator | 0.010 - 0.020 Amps | Visual illumination |
Factors Affecting Electrical Delivery
Several variables determine how much current actually enters the body during a cycle:
- Probe Distance: The spread of the probes affects the path and density of the current.
- Material Resistance: Thick layers of fabric can reduce the efficiency of the electrical arc.
- Battery Health: A depleted power source may result in lower pulse frequencies or weaker delivery.
Manufacturers calibrate these tools to ensure the charge per pulse stays within internationally recognized safety limits. This ensures that the device provides enough power to stop an individual without delivering a lethal volume of electrons.